Thursday, December 26, 2019

Ringworm - 1178 Words

THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH SCIENCES CHS 623: Biostatistics Fall 2012 Instructor Information: Danielle Fastring, PhD, MS, MPH Dept Community Health Sciences Office Address: 108 North 31st Avenue Hattiesburg, MS 39406 E-mail: Danielle.Fastring@usm.edu Time and Place: Monday 3:30 – 6:15 FG113 Text: Daniel, W. W. (2009). Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences, 9th edition. NY: John Wiley amp; Sons. Course Description: This course is designed to give students the basic skills to organize and summarize data, as well as an introduction to the fundamental principles and application of statistical inference. The course emphasizes an†¦show more content†¦You are responsible for completing the homework. It will not be collected for a grade. Attendance: Attendance will be taken at each class. Students are permitted 2 unexcused absences. Upon the 3rd absence, your final grade will be dropped by 10%. Academic Honesty Policy: Students are expected to maintain complete honesty and integrity in the academic experiences both in and out of the classroom. Any students found guilty of dishonesty in any phase of academic work will be subject to disciplinary action. The University and its official representatives may initiate disciplinary proceedings against a student accused of any form of academic dishonesty including but not limited to cheating, plagiarism, unauthorized collaboration, and multiple submissions. Cheating: The unauthorized giving, receiving, or use of material or information in exams, quizzes, assignments, or other course work, or trying to do so, with the attempt to influence a grade. Plagiarism: The use of ideas, data, or specific passages or others that are unacknowledged or falsely acknowledged with the purpose of influencing a grade. Any paraphrasing or quotation must be appropriately acknowledged. Unauthorized collaboration: Collaboration not EXPLICITLY allowed by the instructor to obtain credit for examination or course assignments. Multiple submissions: Presentation of a paper or other work for credit in two distinct courses withoutShow MoreRelatedThe Restorative Term For Ringworm1417 Words   |  6 PagesRingworm is an issue that could transpire at any age and time. It makes the influenced zone look repulsive. Ringworm resembles a little fix on the skin, which has an aroused red ring. It spreads towards outwards and develops. The region inside the ring is dark and i nconsistent. The patch steadily develops into a vast ring step by step, and consequently it is called ringworm. There are risks that few times, a few patches would happen anyplace in the skin, particularly for the situation where you getRead MoreCauses And Cure Of Ringworm1439 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Ringworm Title: Cause and Cure of Ringworm Ringworm is an issue that could transpire at any age and time. It makes the influenced zone look repulsive. Ringworm resembles a little fix on the skin, which has an aroused red ring. It spreads towards outwards and develops. The region inside the ring is dark and inconsistent. The patch steadily develops into a vast ring step by step, and consequently it is called ringworm. There are risks that few times, a few patches would happen anyplace in theRead MoreAfrican Elephants ( Loxadonta Africana ) And Amur Tigers1172 Words   |  5 PagesFigure 5: Rabies Virus Particle Source: Twy cross zoo, 2013 Source: Fine Art America, 2016 Ringworm (dermatophytosis, or dermatomycosis) is a fungal disease which amur tigers suffer and is highly contagious and is spread through contact with contaminated objects or by direct contact. The clinical signs of ringworm aren’t always easy to detect due to the lesions of ringworm to be very mild or even undetectable in cats and the lesions can take up to 21 days before signs of infectionRead MoreEverything About Ringworm ( Dermatophytosis )2354 Words   |  10 PagesEverything about ringworm (Dermatophytosis) and how to get rid of it Our world is fully surrounded by fungi, molds and yeasts, but luckily, only a few of them cause skin problems. They are called dermatophytes and they cause an annoying infection called ringworm or dermatophytosis. Ringworm is not a kind of worm; it is an infection of the skin caused by a fungus. This infection is a skin disorder characterized by red, itchy, scaly, rash in the area affected. People and animals can both be affectedRead MoreBacterial Infections of Humans Caused by Bites of Animals (NOT insects) Introduction Animal bites900 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen successful in decreasing the chances of transmission of rabies from animals to humans. †¢ Ringworms Also known as tinea, is a fungal infection of the skin caused by fungus found in soils and on the skin of pets. Children can get ringworms by touching infected dogs and cats. Ringworm of the skin is usually a non-fatal, scaly round area with a raised red bumpy border and a clear center. Ringworm infections are treated with antifungal or oral medications. †¢ Toxocariasis The parasitic roundwormRead MoreMany have Athletes Foot871 Words   |  3 Pages This will cause the fungus that causes athlete’s foot to grow because the fungus will grow in warm, damp places. Athlete’s foot is defined by Merriam Webster dictionary as a fungal infection affecting the skin between the toes. It is a form of ringworm. Athlete’s foot is not a microorganism it a fungus so it doesn’t have a microbe. The name of the fungus is called tinea pedis. The disease name of athlete’s foot is tinea pedis. An athlete’s foot fungus is spread easily. It can be passed throughRead More Zoonotic Diseases and Risk Factors1343 Words   |  6 Pagesthe early stages they will help the immune system destroy the disease. Another Zoonotic disease is dermatophytosis or commonly known as ringworms. Ringworm is caused by a fungal infection on the skin. The fungi Dematophytes, which causes the parasitic infection, feeds on keratin which is the material found in the outer layer of skin, hair, and nails. Ringworm is transmitted by direct contact with an infected animal or a flea or its larva, also sharing clothing, sports equipment, towels, or sheetsRead MoreEssay Challenges Facing New Immigrants in America1122 Words   |  5 Pagesthing for immigrants to do. However a family was blessed in a way, written in a book called Ellis Island Interviews, a family had to stay into a holding cell because one of the boys had ringworm. At the time no one really knew how serious things were so the workers at Ellis Island would take extra precaution, â€Å"the ringworm was considered very contagious at that time. Why they kept the rest of the family for six weeks I don’t know. But they kept me at the hospital on Ellis Island† (Coan 165). By makingRead MoreThe Medicinal Plant Of Medicinal Plants1365 Words   |  6 Pagesyou get the right amount for your body (The Health Benefits of Blood Flower Herb, 2017). The roots are very useful when you are trying to counter Scrofula. It’s leaf juice helps to stop hemorrhages. The Blood Flower is very good at curing ringworms. To cure ringworms effectively, craft a poultice out of the root and rub it on the skin that is infected (Blood Flower Herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients, 2017). The Blood Flower is not the best at curing Anhidrosis, Ascaris, and Asthma,Read MoreHerbal Medicine1235 Words   |  5 Pagesused alongside â€Å"modern† methods such as bleeding, purging, arsenic and mercury with equal, or better, results. DOH approved herbal medicine 1. Akapulko (Cassia alata) – also known as â€Å"bayabas-bayabasan† and â€Å"ringworm bush† in English, this herbal medicine is used to treat ringworms and skin fungal infections. 2. Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) – known as â€Å"bitter gourd† or â€Å"bitter melon† in English, it most known as a treatment of diabetes (diabetes mellitus), for the non-insulin dependent

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Essay On The Butterfly Effect Of Girus Ax By Oedipus Rex

A guilty conscience can haunt a person for their entire life; even ruining a future for them or for someone else. The guilt can eat someone alive and nag and nag and nag until bam†¦ they snap. However, they can subside the guilt by revealing what they saw, what they did, or whatever it may be that they are hiding. Every decision has a consequence or effect, which will continue to affect other things, down a web of actions. This is called the Butterfly Effect and this relates to every decision anyone makes. Amir, from The Kite Runner, and Oedipus, from the play Oedipus Rex, helps prove this and have experienced this effect, without even knowing it, from their life decisions. Amir and Oedipus will have to deal with the consequences and†¦show more content†¦This I did, for he was worthy, although a slave, to take even greater grace than this† (Oedipus Rex 37). They both cannot admit they did wrong right away. Amir knows in the back of his mind but will not say it; while Oedipus is not getting the hint that he did it, even after all the clues so he wants to talk to the only survivor of that night. To hide from their mistakes and shame, people like to pretend some things just never happened, or push it aside to deal with later. Either way, it is avoiding the issue at hand that should be solved. Amir chose to do nothing to help Hassan, so Amir got to pretend he did not see any of it happen. Whether Hassan knew that Amir saw, or not, the description of Hassan in the book practically told you what happened: â€Å"â€Å"Where were you? I looked for you,† I said. Speaking those words was like chewing on a rock. Hassan dragged a sleeve across his face, wiped snot and tears. I waited for him to say something, but we just stood there in silence, in the fading light. I was grateful for the early-evening shadows that fell on Hassan’s face and concealed mine. I was glad I didn’t have to return his gaze. Did he know I knew?† (The Kite Runner 78). Oedipus tries to end up pushing the idea of him possibly being the murderer of Laius out of the way

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Act 1. Scene 1 Of Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Act 1. Scene 1 Of Hamlet Essay Enter Barnardo and Francisco. Barnardo is the first to speak and he says, Whos there? Francisco is reluctant to speak and insists that Barnardo makes himself known first. Francisco says, Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself. There appears to be some hostility between the two since they dont exactly know whom they are speaking to. Barnardo then replies, Long live the King! I assumed that this was some kind of secret password that the guards used to identify other guards at night. Francisco knows that it is Barnardo that he is speaking to. Francisco says, You come most carefully upon your hour. Barnardo replies, Tis now struck twelve. Get thee to bed, Francisco. Francisco says, For this relief much thanks. Tis bitter cold, and I am sick at heart. Francisco is saying that he is happy to go home to bed because he is afraid that the ghost will appear. There seems to be still some hostility between them. Barnardo then says, Have you had quiet guard? Francisco replies, Not a mouse stirring. At this point I think that both of them are getting a little nervous because they are wondering if the ghost is going to appear. Barnardo then decides he is going to leave and he says, Well, good night. If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, the rivals of my watch, bid them make haste. Enter Horatio and Marcellus. Francisco is alert and he believes that he can hear them coming. He says, I think I hear them.Stand! Whos there? Horatio answers, Friends to this ground. Marcellus pipes in, And liegemen to the Dane. They start to feel safer knowing that it isnt just the two of them there anymore. Francisco says, Give you good night. Marcellus says, O farewell, honest soldier. Who hath relieved you? Francisco replies, Barnardo has my place. Give you good night. Exit. Marcellus then says, Holla, Barnardo! Barnardo says, Saywhat, is Horatio there? Horatio answers, A piece of him. Horatio really doesnt want to be there because he is scared. Barnardo welcomes them both. Marcellus asks, What, has this thing appeared again tonight? Barnardo replies, I have seen nothing. Marcellus says, Horatio says tis but our fantasy, and will not let belief take hold of him touching this dreaded sight twice seen of us. Thereforehe may approve our eyes and speak to it. Horatio then says, Tush, tush, twill not appear. Marcellus and Barnardo want nothing to do with the ghost, they think that Horatio should speak to the ghost since he doesnt believe that it exists. Barnardo says, Sit down a while, and let us once again assail your ears, that are so fortified against our story, what we two nights have seen. Horatio says, Well, sit we down, and let us hear Barnardo speak of this. Barnardo begins to speak, Last night of all, when yon same star thats westward from the pole had made his course tillume that part of heaven where now it burns, Marcellus and myself,  the bell then beating one Enter the Ghost. Marcellus says, Peace, break thee off. Look where it comes again. Barnardo says, In the same figure like the King thats dead. Marcellus says to Horatio, Thou art a scholarspeak to it, Horatio. Marcellus is clearly afraid. He is kind of pushing Horatio towards the ghost and stepping back himself. Barnardo agrees with Marcellus, Looks it not like the King?Mark it, Horatio. He too, is helping Marcellus in pushing Horatio towards the ghost. Horatio admits that he is scared, Most like. It harrows me with fear and wonder. Barnardo keeps pushing Horatio to speak to it, It would be spoke to. Marcellus pipes in, Question it, Horatio. Marcellus and Barnardo are practically hiding behind rocks to protect themselves because they are so scared of the ghost. Horatio puts on a brave, manly face and steps out of the shadows and says, What art thou that usurpst this time of night, together with that fair and warlike form in which the majesty of buried Denmark did sometimes march? By heaven, I charge thee speak. The ghost turns around and begins walking the other way as if he were offended. Marcellus peaks over the rock and says, It is offended. Horatio spoke of heaven and the ghost was offended because his soul is trapped in purgatory. Barnardo says, See, it stalks away. Horatio tries to get it to come back, Stay, speak, speak, I charge thee speak. Horatio tried to act all manly like he wasnt afraid of the ghost. Exit Ghost.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Odessey Essays - Greek Mythology, Odysseus, Telemachus, Cyclops

The Odessey The Odessey is a tale that has changed literature and storytelling. In this tale Odysseus is a Soldier from the battle of Troy trying to get home to his island of Ithaca, where he is king. His wife and son must wait ten years while he is trying to make his way home. In Odysseuss absence wooers, or better known as suitors, learn of his absence and travel to Ithaca to win his wifes hand in marriage. These men come every day feasting on Odysseuss food and wine, and give his servants orders. His son Telemachus, does his best to keep the suitors from ruining his fathers house but he is only a boy, and doesnt receive the respect of an adult. Telemachus then has a visit from the god Athena, whom Odysseus is friends with, who advises him to travel to find out about his father. In his travels he hears that Odysseus may still be alive. Meanwhile Odysseus goes through a series of adventures and hardships that prove his wisdom. It is interesting in contrast of the Iliad, even though Achilles was much stronger and a better warrior, Odysseus was portrayed as a greater hero due to his wisdom. He uses this wisdom to escape from the Cyclops. On the Cyclopss island Odysseus and his men are trapped and eaten as food by a giant with only one eye. Odysseus commands his men to take an olive tree and carve a large stake from it. Then Odysseus gives the Cyclops all of their wine in order to get him drunk. After the Cyclops falls asleep they stab the steak into his one large eye, thus blinding him. Now with the Cyclops blind Odysseus and his men cling to the bottom of sheep to avoid the Cyclops and escape. Even though the cyclops checks everything leaving his cave he doesnt find the men holding to the bottom of the sheep. This tale coincides with the times in Greece. This was a time that art and Philosophy were extremely important and respected by the people. Odysseus was a new type of hero that didnt win by overpowering his opponents, but by using his mind to outwit them. Manners also seemed to play an important role to Odysseus, as he was learned to be polite and generous to strangers and in the end punished those who werent. Odysseus, like most of his fellow soldiers, is a rather arrogant greedy person at the beginning of the poem, and brings much sorrow on himself by his actions. Yet the gods are no better than he is and their punishment of Odysseus and his crew has more to do with the impulses of the Olympians than the sins of the mortals. Athena herself would not help Odysseus while he was sailing, for she did not want to go against her brother, Poseidons wishes. Poseidon was upset that he had blinded the Cyclops since that was his son. As the god of the sea he made it as hard as possible for Odysseus to make it home. Poseidon, however, disregards the fact that his son was using Odysseus and his men as food, and would naturally do anything to escape. Book Reports

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

An Introduction to Visual Anthropology

An Introduction to Visual Anthropology Visual anthropology is an academic subfield of anthropology that has two distinct but intersecting aims. The first involves the addition of images including video and film to ethnographic studies, to enhance the communication of anthropological observations and insights through the use of photography, film, and video. The second one is more or less the anthropology of art,  understanding visual images, including: How far do humans as a species rely on what is seen, and how do they integrate that into their lives?How significant is the visual aspect of life in any particular society or civilization? andHow does a visual image represent (bring into existence, make visible, exhibit or reproduce an action or person, and/or stand as an example for) something Visual anthropology methods include photo elicitation, the use of images to stimulate culturally relevant reflections from informants. The end results are narratives (film, video, photo essays) which communicate typical events of a cultural scene. History Visual Anthropology only became possible with the availability of cameras in the 1860s- arguably the first visual anthropologists were not anthropologists at all but rather photojournalists like the Civil War photographer Matthew Brady;  Jacob Riis, who photographed 19th-century slums of New York;  and  Dorthea Lange, who documented the Great Depression in stunning photographs. In the mid-nineteenth century, academic anthropologists began collecting and making photographs of the people they studied. So-called collecting clubs included the British anthropologists Edward Burnett Tylor, Alfred Cort Haddon, and Henry Balfour, who exchanged and shared photographs as part of an attempt to document and classify ethnographic races. The Victorians concentrated on British colonies such as India, the French focused on Algeria, and the U.S. anthropologists concentrated on Native American communities. Modern scholars now recognize that imperialist scholars classifying the people of subject colonies as others is an important and downright ugly aspect of this early anthropological history. Some scholars have commented that visual representation of cultural activity is, of course, very ancient indeed, including cave art representations of hunting rituals beginning 30,000 years ago or more. Photography and Innovation The development of photography as a part of the scientific ethnographic analysis is usually attributed to Gregory Bateson and Margaret Meads 1942 examination of Balinese culture called Balinese Character: A Photographic Analysis. Bateson and Mead took more than 25,000 photos while conducting research in Bali, and published 759 photographs to support and develop their ethnographic observations. In particular, the photos- arranged in a sequential pattern like stop-motion movie clips- illustrated how the Balinese research subjects performed social rituals or engaged in routine behavior. Film as ethnography is an innovation generally attributed to Robert Flaherty, whose 1922 film Nanook of the North is a silent recording of activities of an Inuit band in the Canadian Arctic. Purpose In the beginning, scholars felt that using imagery was a way to make an objective, accurate, and complete study of social science that had been typically fueled by an extensively detailed description. But there is no doubt about it,  the photo collections were directed and often served a purpose. For example, the photos used by anti-slavery and aborigine protection societies were selected or made to make the natives more human and needier, through poses, framings, and settings. American photographer Edward Curtis made skillful use of aesthetic conventions, framing Native Americans as sad, unresisting victims of an inevitable and indeed divinely ordained manifest destiny. Anthropologists such as Adolphe Bertillon and Arthur Cervin sought to objectify the images by specifying uniform focal lengths, poses, and backdrops to remove the distracting noise of context, culture, and faces. Some photos went so far as to isolate body parts from the individual (like tattoos). Others such as Thomas Huxley planned to produce an orthographic inventory of the races in the British Empire, and that, coupled with a corresponding urgency to collect the last vestiges of disappearing cultures drove much of the 19th and early 20th century efforts. Ethical Considerations All of this came crashing to the forefront in the 1960s and 1970s when the clash between ethical requirements of anthropology and the technical aspects of using photography became untenable. In particular, the use of imagery in academic publication has impacts on the ethical requirements of anonymity, informed consent, and telling the visual truth. Privacy: Ethical anthropology requires that scholar protect the privacy of the subjects that are interviewed: taking their picture makes that nearly impossibleInformed consent: Anthropologists need to explain to their informants that their images may appear in the research and what the implications of those images might mean- and get that consent in writing- before the research beginsTelling the truth: Visual scholars must understand that it is unethical to alter images to change their meaning or present an image that connotes a reality not consistent with the understood reality. University Programs and Job Outlook Visual anthropology is a subset of the larger field of anthropology. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the numbers of jobs projected to grow between 2014 and 2024 is about 4 percent, slower than the average, and competition for those jobs is likely to be fierce given the small number of positions relative to applicants. A handful of university programs specializing in the use of visual and sensory media in anthropology, including: The University of Southern California MA at the Center for Visual AnthropologyHarvard Universitys Ph.D. program at Sensory Ethnography LabThe University of Londons MA and Ph.D. in Visual AnthropologyThe University of Manchesters MA at the Granada Centre for Visual Anthropology Finally, the Society for Visual Anthropology, part of the American Anthropological Association, has a research conference and film and media festival and publishes the journal Visual Anthropology Review. A second academic journal, titled Visual Anthropology, is published by Taylor Francis. Sources: Cant A. 2015. One Image, Two Stories: Ethnographic and Touristic Photography and the Practice of Craft in Mexico. Visual Anthropology 28(4):277-285.Harper D. 2001. Visual Methods in the Social Sciences. In: Baltes PB, editor. International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences. Oxford: Pergamon. p 16266-16269.Loizos P. 2001. Visual Anthropology. In: Baltes PB, editor. International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences. Oxford: Pergamon. p 16246-16250.Ortega-Alczar I. 2012. Visual Research Methods, International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home. San Diego: Elsevier. p 249-254.Pink S. 2014. Digital–visual–sensory-design anthropology: Ethnography, imagination Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 13(4):412-427.and intervention.Poole D. 2005. An excess of description: Ethnography, race, and visual technologies. Annual Review of Anthropology 34(1):159-179.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Dutch Schultz essays

Dutch Schultz essays Arthur Flegenheimer was born on November,6 1902 in the Bronx. His parents were both German Jews. Growing up in the Bronx, he early joined a local street gang for protection. He worked hard in order to make a name in the gang. He attuned public school until his father left the family. Then started working in different jobs, soon realizing, that he couldn't get rich and happy with common legal work. He began to go to the Criterion Club, were he made friends with Marcel Poffo, a local top criminal. He began gain Money form people who refused to pay Poffo, always trying to impress his mentor. At the age of seventeen he received his only sentence. He went to jail for 15 months for stealing. He tried break out and received another 3 months of jail. After his return to the Bronx be started to use the name he later became famous under, Dutch Schultz. By the mid of the 1920s he realized that bootlegging was the chance to make big money. He started to get involved into the beer business, as a strong arm goon, and later drove beer trucks in larger operations, of the legendary Jack Legs Diamond. At that time he and famous Chares Lucky Luciano were partners in Diamonds gang. In the beginning of 1928 Schultz was bar tendering, in the speakeasy of one of his old friends, Joey Noe. He gained a brutal reputation for is temper. Noe wanted him as partner for their own bootlegging business. Soon they were on their way to build a beer empire in the Bronx. They started to buy their own trucks, and in Frankie Dunn, a brewery owner in New Jersey, a reliable partner. As their business grew bigger and bigger they realized that they could improve the profits further if they also start to deliver the other speakeasies, as well. But many owners had their own little business, and refused to buy from Schultz and Noe. Schultz gave out warnings like: Buy it ore, else!, to those, who wou ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Outline the key arguments of Plato - Analyze the above arguments given Essay

Outline the key arguments of Plato - Analyze the above arguments given Plato's main theses - Compare those arguments to Butler - Essay Example According to him, the difference between a man and woman is merely biological, whereby both sexes play certain roles during procreation. Consequently, this thought and understanding of gender as irrelevant prompted numerous intellectuals to conclude Plato was a feminist. Primarily, this is because of his argument regarding inclusion of women in assuming similar roles towards nation building without considering humanity’s biological discrepancies, which are beyond human intervention. Women ought to have equal say similar to their male counterparts, as per Platonic argument. This is because they are capable of delivering as necessitated besides talented enough to exceed society’s expectations (Jowett 106). Consequently, this prompted Plato among all other philosophers to emerge as the modern day’s democratic ancestor due to his perspective regarding female gender’s consideration into public affairs. However, in the execution of same duties or roles by both s exes, Plato seems to have a soft understanding concerning jobs’ allocation without giving a clear explanation. Thus, women and men guardians cannot tolerate similar severity of their respective jobs’ environment, whereby the latter’s environment is a bit tougher than the females’. ... Are there roles in the city that are particular to women and men because they are women or men? Besides Plato’s strong stand regarding gender irrelevance in the allocation of jobs and undertaking of diverse roles in the society, he admits that each sex has a responsibility to undertake. Mainly, these roles basis encompass biological differences where women, according to Plato’s arguments, embrace the role of mothers and wives. These roles are irrefutable, and nature dictates them to assume that course; hence, they are beyond human intervention. However, for other roles, especially those that encompass diverse city’s tasks, Plato emphasize consideration for gender equality. However, his argument did not imply he had in mind the position of woman in the society; instead, his intention was strictly to involve them in the kallipolis affairs. Plato’s perspective entailed women’s capability and not their liberation as it is with numerous contemporary femi nists. This is evident from Plato’s deprecating attitude towards women, which comprised his nature. Plato’s advocating of gender equality was a way of ensuring that justice prevails in all sectors where women will be able to contribute constructively. Why does Plato make the argument that he does? Plato’s main concern is to ensure justice and development in kallipolis with the involvement of both sexes. Thus, he deemed the authorities would prove to be fair via accommodating every person to contribute constructively in doing what one thinks he or she is proficient in. This is regardless of sharing or assuming similar roles like that of a guardian where the authorities should not discriminate women